Energy Part 3

For the number one spot I would have to say is solar energy because Nicaragua it is almost sunny all of the time expect for the occasional rain fall. This is a perfect energy source for the country because it simple and cheap. The most expensive part of solar energy would have to be the storage of it. I don't think the size of the is bad I think it's a fair size, Nicaragua is also in a great location where they can get sunlight, however they do not have all of the resources ythat are needed but that won't change the fact of that this would be a great source of energy for them.

For the second place I would have to the would have to be wind energy it may not be the cheapest type of energy source to install but in long term it would be a great investment. The climat in Nicaragua is good for having this, I think that the country is located in a great place for something like this and they have the resources to have it in there country. 

In third place is nuclear energy. The reasoning why is because it is very costly, Nicaragua does not have funds for nuclear power. I would have to say the the climate is relevantly good and same with the location of the country and the size of the country I would say is okay. Still I don't think it is a safe why to produce energy and again it is very costly. 

Currently the government is trying to install wind produced energy and have already started using geothermal power as a energy resource. 

I ranked them the why I did on the facts of what I think would be safe for the country, what would be the easiest why to get energy and what cost less because Nicaragua is not the wealthiest country. 

Energy Part 2

The type of energy source that is used in Nicaragua is geothermal  energy they are also working on wind energy and are trying to get that going. The use the geothermal energy to as e all know to provide energy to the cities and towns, however Nicaragua is one of the only countries in Central America to have a low energy use. They are also trying to get wind turbines going, like I said before. To provide more energy for the people of Nicaragua to use. It has a major impact on the country because it is not a very wealthy country, so having a energy source is very important, it has a major impact like o said before. It cost the country about $60 million in the last 15years or so. 

Energy Part 1

Nuclear energy: pros, it has relatively low costs other than building the the power plant, they provide a stable base load of energy, create low pollution however the nuclear waste is very harmful and has a high energy densit meaning that it releases ten million more amount of energy than burning fossil fuel. Cons, the nuclear waste posses has a huge threat to the environment and is dangerous to humans, difficult to find a place to store the nuclear waste, the plants emit negligible amount of carbon dioxide into the air and meltdowns pose as a threat if a plant does go boom the blast radius is 300km. 

Solar energy: pros, it's  renewable energy source, sustainable, it's also very environmentally friendly, refuses electricity costs and low maintenance. Cons, expensive to install a solar panel, energy storage can be expensive, I can be associated with pollution do to the nitrogen trifluroide and surlfur haxafluroide that is found in the panels and exotic materials certain solar cells require expensive and rare material found in nature.  

Wind energy : pros, renewable energy source, space-efficient, low operational costs however some wind turbines need more maintenance than others and cause no pollution. Cons, unpredictable do to it needs wind to work, costly to put a few of them up and noise they create a lot of noise when operating. 

Landslide in China

The devastating landslide in China has had a major effect on China's communities where these landslide has occurred. One example is the mudslide that had happened in Zhouqu China. during this mud slid on August 7, about 1,200 people where left dead and about 490 where still declared missing. According to the Xinhua news agency that this was the worst landslide to ever happen in the past 60 years. A geological risk survey was taken of this area back in 2002 which warned the people of Zhouqu China that of disasters like this are going to happen. The CIGEM told the southern weekend that the report that was taken of the area showed that there are at least 140 danger zones where these kind of mud slides are bound to happen, such as the one that occurred in August. Which makes this area a serious threat to the people who live there.  

Waikiki Beach

1) Some of the causes that have caused the erosion at Waikiki beach are when the state removed a jetty out of the of the beach which increased the erosion process and sped it up. 

2) Some of the attempts that where made to save the sand of Waikiki beach was bringing in 24,000 cubic yards of sand to replenish the sand that has eroded way. However a year after the sand was replaced it had disappeared a year after it was put down. 

3) Economic impacts: Some economic problems that have come with this was the waste of money that came to replacing the sand in the beach which was eroded away after a year. So things like that have caused some problems with ye economy. 

Social impacts: One is the erosion of a famous beach which is visited by 1,000's of people.

Environmental impacts: there has been huge environmental impacts do to this erosion of the sand on Waikiki beach. Such as losing some wild life that may live in the sand such as some types of crab. 

Glacial Retreat

Part A

1. Antarctic glacier behavior: every summer there is a melting period where the the ice melts and opens up much of the land. Since then records began about 50 years ago the temperature has risen about 2.5°C which has caused the ice of the glacier to melt rapidly. Do to the the Antarctic environment has had dramatic effects on the wild life that relies on the glacier. Around 14,000 km2 of the glacier has melted and about 84% of it has retreated because of this the Antarctic glacier is shrinking. 

Glacier National park glacier behavior: the glacier in the national park forms when the  snowfall exceeds summer melting. It retreats when the melting out places the new snow that has fallen. The glacier has to be about 25 acres for it to move and less the glacier will not move.  

Himalayas glacier behavior: 
The Himalayas are the youngest and the worlds highest mountains and have the largest glaciers outside of the polar ice caps. The glaciers on the Himalayas cover about 33,000 km2. This region is called the water tower of Asia. The glaciers on this mountain feed some of the major river in Asia. The temperature in the area increases 0.22 degrees every 10 years. So this acceleration in temperature has caused, but in the northwest region of the mountains the temperature has risen 1.6 degrees between 1901-2002. Due t this major change in the temperature it has caused the pattern snowfall on the mountain.

2.Environment:  Well the worlds mountains bear somewhere between 150,000 to 200,000 glaciers and nearly all of them are shrinking do to the increase of temperature. Also to add to the the freshly fallen snow cannot make up for the snow that has been lost, the glaciers just tend to retreat up slope and grow smaller. The mountain glaciers powerfully demonstrate how the worlds climate is changing.Do to the melting of the ice it creates a naturals hazard cant affect the water sources and can change the landscape in which that they are surrounded by.
Social: So since the ice is retreating this mean the less snow related sports people can play on a mountain side or hike or climb. As a direct result of this is that there will be less people coming to the mountain side lodges, and this leads to income loss for the people that own these lodges.
Economics: The melting ices has caused floods to near by cities or town which has cost a ton of money to repair the damages that has been done.

Part B

It will have a great effect on the tourism because there are many companies that are based off of the glaciers. Lots of them we'll lose lots of business and most likely go out of business. So things like the Alaskan cruise will not have the things that people want to see when they are on the cruise. 

Part C

Some impacts that melting glaciers can have on the environment overall is rising sea levels which can cause flooding on coastal cities. It also shows how drastically the climate on the earth is changing and what effects is having on the glaciers. 

Land use and agriculture in Nicaragua.

1. In Nicaragua about 1.76% of land is used for permanent crops with in the country. So about 42.76% of the land is used for agriculture and about 26% of the land is covered in forest and about 17% percent of that has been cut down since 1990. About 13% is used for the urban community across the country, in the big picture that is a a lot of land that is used.

2. Monoculture: 

Pros; cheap production, market driven and high productivity for commercial crops. 

Cons; depletes the nitrogen level in the soil, causes environmental damages, displacement of local crops, less food being produced and reliance on fossil fuels and chemicals.

Polyculture:

Pros; faster sowing, less pest loss, better falvour and nutrition, fertility grown on site, better pollination and improved yields.

Cons; slower harvest, difficult to calculate income and predict results and seed loss/ hight up front seed cost. 

Slash and Burn:

Pros; easy to clear land, very effective, little cost.

Cons; causes a lot of co2 to go in to the atmosphere, wreck's the land and can cause forest fire. 

For each of them it does not cost a lot of money to so however it does have a huge impact in the environment and cost a lot to repair the land if something goes wrong (Slash and Burn).

3. the common agriculture used in Nicaragua is polyculture and the crops that they grow are coffee beans, cotton, bananas, sugar and livestock. The current state for agriculture in Nicaragua is i guess alright there is not anything major that is affecting the growth of the crops in the country.

Flooding in Brisbane Australia

1) The flooding in Brisbane was caused mainly by humans effect do to the dams that are built along the river. The dam operators some decisions by neglecting the forecast of the further rainfall and not coming up with a scenario to see what heavy rainfall could do to the dam. So because of that mistake it resulted in a flood which devastated the city. 

2) Some of the social impacts of the flood are that it stopped access to the city by air and by land, it also cut off health services things that are a associated with health are; food poisoning, people getting sick from drinking the water and other diseases that may come about from the flood.

Some economic problems that will arise are that it cost the cites and town about 13 billion dollars when there was loss of production and infrastructure destruction. Also do to the flood the food prices had spiked up, while there was a huge scope of the rebuilding could add a price raise throughout the year. 

Some environmental impact do to the flood are that many species have been killed while other thrive to survive, but the ecosystem will bounce back from this disaster. Other problems that have come up are that water ways have been impacted the most because they have been eroded and contaminated and littered with debris. Do to this many animals that lived in the water are now dead. The flood has caused just havoc for the environment. 

3) the government is preparing for potential floods by getting awareness program to teach people what to do when a flood may occur. 

Desertification in Botswana

1) Desertification: This is the process by which fertile land becomes a desert and is typically a result of a drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture.

2) 80% of the country is covered by Kalahari desert, however it is not a true desert because it is covered with vegetation and has about 650mm of rainfall in the north a year and has about 250mm of rainfall in the southwest a year. The country is also 582,000 km2. There also has been an increase of human an cattle population growth with in the country in the past 2 decades or so. Also the country is located in the Tropic of Capricorn. 

3) human are making it worse in this area because they are over stocking and growing a lot more crops then the area can handle do to the low rainfall. Also there has been an increase of population of humans and cattle in the country and animals grazing the land; eating the vegetation. 

4) Some of the problems that have come about in trying to solve the problems in Botswana are or could be not having the resources to do, what is needed to be done to protect the environment and the people. Or closing of area where people can not grow crops and let cattle graze the landscape. 

 

Water Usage

1) I found the documentary to be very shocking with all of the things that are going on with privatization of water in countries which these companies are ruining. By making hard for the people to get access to water and in some cases making them now pay for water that should be free. I am going to be honest it kind of made me mad to know that theses companies are making so many people lives more difficult then they already are. 

2) Well Nicaragua's water is very polluted it is untreated, they don't have any water systems where they can have clean water or easy access to the water. This is a big issue because the water is being contaminated with industrial waste and millions of people are drinking this water are many become sick and die. 

Here are some other concerns; "No single agency responsible for management of water resources; Lack of waste-water collection and treatment, and proper solid waste disposal; Poor water resources management; Lack of adequate data needed to make informed decisions; Poor irrigation supply network leading to underdevelopment of sector; Rapid growth in urban areas increasing demand beyond system capacity."

Water use in Agriculture

I think that farmers should use sprinklers when it comes to watering there crops because its efficient, it's easy to do, it's quicker and does require a lot this also makes the farmers job just a bit easier. Also it can equally distribute the water to crops without over watering. The downside to this is that you would have to maintain them in order to keep the working. 

Land subsistence in the American southwest

A) The causes of land subsistence in the American Southwest, is to to them being in the desert, using to much water and it is so to the growing population in the area which causes this to happen. 

B) Some impacts that can be caused by land subsistence is that it can change the elevation of streams, canals and drains. It can also damage bridges, roads, rail roads and storm drains also damaging buildings. On example is 

C) One way to percent this could be to limit the amount of water that is being used, recycling the water and maybe creating a lake. 

Deforestation

1) Deforestation is a big problem in Nicaragua, about 21% of the rain forest has been logged in 15 years. Do to this problem the government has made it  illegal to do any logging in the forest. However there have been some  illegal logging going is the law was established. 

2) So some of the environmental impacts of this is that large amounts of the forest is disappearing, animals are losing places to live and grow to d all of the logging that goes on. Some of the economic impacts of this are that the government has to pay for the destruction of the forest from foreign countries taking the natural resources, as a result. Some of the social impact of this problem is that the population relies on the forest for food, fuelwood to help them survive and a few other things.

3) I think that it has a greater impact in Nicaragua because people rely on the for fuel wood and and food in need to survive and live. Also impacts there lives more that in Canada even though forests are very important here and in Nicaragua.

Aquaculture

1) Aquaculture: This is the rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food.

2) Pros and cons of aquaculture on humans, the environment and the economy. 

Humans. Pros: It can create jobs, can reduce seafood trade deficit and retain a good food supply with out worrying about depleting the number of fish. Cons: can threaten jobs for local fisherman, cause conflict with lobsterman who are trying to catch lobster in an area where a fish farm is located and. 

The environment. Pros:  create a safe place for fish that are in danger of extinction, help fish species grow. Cons: destroy ecosystems in order to sustain the fish farm, cause disease in the fish and fish that escape the farms can transmit disease to other fish in the water. 

Economy: Pros: create revenue for the city and the province, can create local investment and can create more jobs. Cons: can be costly in anything was to go wrong like spreading disease among fish.

3) I don't totally agree with it or disagree with aquaculture. So the reason why that I do agree with it is because it keeps a supply of fish to the world with out the worry of the fish depleting. It also create jobs which doesn't only help people but also helps the countries economy out as well. Which I think is great to know that the fish won't just disappear. So the reason why I disagree with I idea is because it destroys the ecosystem in which the farm is located in in order to sustain the farm. I also can cause many problems among the fish like disease. And fishermen and lobsterman will sat art to lose jobs if more of theses appear. But at the end I am just in the middle where I agree on some points and disagree on some point. 

Volcanoes

Shield: is built almost entirely of fluid lava flow.  One example of this is Kilauea another one is ertale. They are highly fluid lava than the other ones. They erupt gently. Formed from the fluidly lava. The impact of them to humans is not a threat but it causes damage to agriculture and infrastructure. 

Composite: hardened lava tephra pumisevand volcanic ash this is how it forms. Some famous examples are Vesuvius, Etna and unzen. Lava that is associated with it is viscous lava so in other words blocky. They erupt explosively. It can cause climatic effects, throws out acidic ash, cause volcanic bombs. 

Cinder cones: They consist of loose pyroclastic debris and volcanic ash. Some famous volcanos are Crater, Holocene and mount Mazama. This type of volcano has a explosive eruption. It can cause harm towards the biosphere by affecting plants and animals and humans thought the ash and gases. 

Earthquake in Vancouver

1) We know that an earthquake will occur in Vancouver because of the study that was done in the soil along the coast. A geologist examined the ground in a marsh and found that there where buried trees and a layer of sand which show that at some point there was a major earthquake that had occurred. 

2) This area is heavily populated do to the major cites that are located there along the coast. 

3) A)In some areas such as the man made islands well have Liquefaction do to the sediment. Places such as. Richmond will experience a lot of flooding. There would be no signs of tsunamis because of Vancouver island blocking is. However all along the coast will experience a lot of havoc and damage through the shaking. 

B) people will be greatly affected because  there homes will be destroyed, family or friends may die there will be just a lot of devastations. 

The economy will also be affected from all of the cost of the damages and the fact the many people will lose there jobs and business will be destroyed. 

Almost everything in the city and around the city will most likely be done roads will be broken up, bridges buildings tunnels and airports will be destroyed if not then partly. And many other things will be wrecked. 

4) by building buildings that can with stand a earthquake that also includes bridges. Also training people how to protect themselves and there kids what to do when and if and earthquake occurrs and teaching is what we should do during a quake and after a earthquake. However some parts such as Richmond are in a bit of trouble if an earthquake occurs. 

Earthquakes

1) An earthquake had occurred off the west coast of Nicaragua. 

2) The focus of the earthquake was in the Pacific Ocean and it was a shallow focus earthquake that had occurred. 

3) It had occurred when the Caribbean plate had collided with the Cocos plate. I believe that it is a transform boundary and the wasn't much damage done to near by cities. 

4) It was a 4.3 on the Richter scale. 

5) There was no real damage done by this earthquake, it didn't really effect the country that much except for big wave hitting the shoreline. 

Plate tectonics

1)

Nicaragua is located on the Caribbean plate in Central America. It is not split between two different plate boundaries and yes.it is located near a plate boundary, that plate is the Cocos plate.

2) The Caribbean plate is moving towards the west, where is makes contact with the Cocos plate. It moves about 22 mm every year and it interacts with the Cocos plate like i said before. It is a subductive zone. (I think transform boundary)

3) So at the north end of the plate, the North American plate is subducting underneath the Caribbean plate. Also the cocos plate is subducting underneath the Caribbean plate as well.  

4) There are no hazards. 

5) Therebis a fault that goes through the capital city of Nicaragua called the quaternary fault. I could not find a picture of the fault. Also there are no folds. 

 

Impact of Fishing?

Part A;
Fishermen: So by having a lot of fishermen in in the water cause is over fishing because you have all these people going after one thing the counts for those fish drop. Also the fact that they all want to catch as many fish as they can in the limited time that they have which is the fishing season.

Consumers: With the demand of fish from consumers, that's when these fishing companies start to over fish so then they have more fish going out to the customers and the restaurants that sell it.

Governments: They are getting more and more  pressured into limiting on how much fishermen can catch and the period of time they can go fishing.

The environment: The environment is being impacted because of the depletion of fish, this also causes the other animals in the water to over populate do to the disappearance of other fish.

Part B;
Yes, it is a major industry in Nicaragua. It has become major business and Nicaragua has the largest fishing port in Central America.It has been impacted by over fishing do to other fishing industries from around the world that have come in and are fishing in those waters. So if there was a depletion of any type species of fish that they catch there will be a major problem because these fish are an important food source for them.

Mining

Part A: 

Open pit mining is a mining technique where you are extracting ore or minerals from the earth from an open pit. Such as this to extract the ore. 

Pros: not as expensive as shaft mining, safer environment for workers and (easy access)- this was a guess. Con: pollution on the environment, harmful to the environment. 

So shaft mining is where you dig a vertical or near vertical tunnel to get access to the ore. Also the use explosive to extract the ore from the surrounding rock. 

Pros: less pollution on the environment, safer for the ecosystem and less harmful for surrounding areas. Cons: expensive, dangerous for workers.  

Part B:

Spouse of a miner: I would chose the open pit mine because I would know that my spouse would have less of a chance to die on the job. 

Owner of a mining company:  if I was the owner of a mining company I would chose shaft mining even though it is expensive, I would know that I am not greatly effecting the environment. 

Environmentalist: again I would chose shift mining because it causes less pollution and doesn't hurt the environment. 

Owner of a nearby ski resorts: a shaft mine because it wouldn't cause acid rain do to the things that may be exposed in a open pit mine. 

Politician: I would want a open pit mine do to that fact that it is a cheaper method of mining. 

Part C:

There are mines that exist in Nicaragua. They topically mine for gold there. They use the open pit mine is common in nicaragu. 

Waste Management

1) In Nicaragua they use landfills to manage their waste. The largest landfill is located in Managua, Nicaragua on the south shore of lake Managua and it is the largest land fill in Central America. 

2) Some of the challenges that the city faces with the disposal of the waste is that the landfill is growing over 7km long and coming to the point where is might be hard to containing it in one place so it doesn't over flow into the lake. Considering it's an open air landfill and it is next to a lake. 

3) They could improve their waste management by doing what we do and control what is happening with there waste. Also having a place where there recycling goes and have a recycling system instead of putting it with the waste  and having families sort through it. Also to cover it up as the landfill begins to overfill.  

Impact of Climate Change

The country is going through a drought do to the rising temperature. They are also a tropical climate do to there location, which is by the equator. They do have a wet season, but again do to the rising temperature they are not receiving a lot of rain that they need. Another climate change is that they also face very strong hurricanes.

Lithosphere: 

• The ground is being broken up from it being so dry.
• Or ripped up from the storms.

Biosphere:

• Plants are not being able to grow do to the drought.
• Losing vital vegetation which is needed for animals on farm and the for the people.
• Its becoming hard to grow crops
• Plants die of do to the lake of water
• The fish in the lakes and in the surrounding bodies of water are being affected because the water is heating to higher temperatures, which the fish aren't use to.
• Do to the hurricanes humans and animals are being greatly effected. Trees and other plants are being ruined.

Atmosphere: 

• Since that atmosphere is collecting a bunch of CO2 it trapping the heat from the sun which heats up the earth which cause the temperature to rise. 
• Temperature rises to about 40-45°c from the normal being between 25-36°c.

Hydrosphere: 

• Some lakes are shrinking in size do to the intense heat.
• Strong rain storms, which tie in with the hurricanes.

Climate

1) Nicaragua has a tropical climate meaning that the capital Managua also has a tropical climate. Their climate is like this because of how close the country is to the equator so it's warmer all year around. 

2) The climate is tropical.  Temperature is always high they range from  25° C to 27° C in the day time and then 10° C at night and is the same temperature up in the mountains (10° C). Precipitation can range from 300 mm to almost 800mm depending on which part of the country you are in.  Around the coast precipitation is high and towards the middle it is low. 

3)

Nicaragua Hurricane

The hurricane happened on October 29,2005. It was a category 3 hurricane with wind speed of 115mph or 185km/h. It formed on October 26,2005 in the Caribbean Sea and as I said before made land fall on October 29,2005. But on October 30,2005 the hurricane went down to a category 2 hurricane. 

Impact:

There was a total of 9 fatalities, with many homes damaged 150,000 people were evacuated form the coastline. There was a total cost of 15.5 million in US dollars of damages that occurred form the hurricane. Also that 1,000 structures were damaged in which hundreds were destroyed. Also meaning that other wildlife was greatly affected such as trees and animals. 

Air Masses, Global Winds and Types of Rain

1) The climate in Nicaragua is a tropical climate. In Nicaragua there is two types of seasons the rainy season from July to December and the dry season from January to June. Has a maritime air mass. 

2) Northerly winds mainly impact the country. Occasionally during the winter but particularly in the summer. 

3) It has conventional rain fall in Nicaragua because of the tropical climate there.  It is like that because of the air mass is hitting the side of the mountain which pushes the air up and causes short bursts of rain. 

Introduction to weather and climate

1) The sun. 

2) They receive more radiation more than the polar regions because it is closer to the sun than the polar regions. This is because of the tilt of the earth. 

3) Albedo means: the proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface, typically that of a planet or moon.  A black roof would absorb more radiation because it is simply darker and the whiteness of snow is why it stays cold therefore it wouldn't absorb radiation. 

4) Lapse rate is the rate at which air temperature falls with increasing altitude. 

5) Well aspect is the compass that the direction a slope faces. Plants will grow better on the south side facing side of a mountain because the sunlight hits that part of the mountain more through out the day. 

6) We have seasons because the earth spins on a axis. Also that the earths spin axis is tilted with respect to the orbital plane, which causes the seasons. 

7) Land heats up much faster than water because water reflects most of the solar radiation. 

8) The climate would be more dry because of the absence of water and  there wouldn't be much rain fall there. 

9) It keeps Norway climate more temperate and keeps the water from freezing with atrong winds. 

10)  I think that it is the Alasken current.

11) It makes the planet warmer than it should be, which causes global warming. 

12) Convention is: the movement caused within a fluid by tendency of hotter and therefore less dense material to rise and colder denser material to sink under the influence of gravity and to transfer heat. 

13) It is the perceptible natural movement of the air, especially in the form of a current of air blowing from a particular direction. 

14) Urban heat island is a metropolitan area that is significantly warmer than is surrounding area. Also that there is more human activity in those places. 

5 themes

1.    This represents place because the wind carries the sediments which carved the cliffs or mountains to what they are know and shapes the landscape which is put before you. There is also a river that runs through it, there is also some vegetation, some wildlife such as birds and  the climate is hot.

2.     This represents movement because they are moving goods from one place to another and they are adapting to the water by using the boat to move the goods.

3.     This represents region because it is the western cordillera. It can be sunny, raining or snowing there. Here there are a lot of human characteristics because there are cities built in this region.

Part B:

Absolute location/Relative location: 12.1364° N, 86.2514° W

the distance between Managua, Nicaragua and Surrey B.C  is 5305 km.

Place: Spanish is the official language however english is most commonly spoken here. About 90% of the people are Roman Catholic here, they attend mass church services. It is dry hot and rocky with mountains and volcanoes.

Human-Environment: How they adapt, the wear short and loose clothing for the heat. They modify the environment: in buildings they don’t have heaters to heat the buildings, only have air conditioner. Things that people depend on; Lago de Nicaragua (lake) for their fresh water and rivers for transportation.

Movement:  They use trucks, planes, and trains to move humans and to transport goods around the country/ to the rest of the world. To move information they use phones and I think computers. Move other information they do it by radio, television and books.

Region: Central America

4 spheres of the environment

A) The event that had occurred in Nicaragua was a earthquake off the coast of the country back in 1992 September 2. The earthquake had caused a tsunami which killed 116 people and several others were injured. The earthquake lasted about 0:16 seconds which was followed by several strong aftershocks. Most of the people that were killed, were children with more than 68 people missing. It also left 13,500 homeless. Also at least 1,300 houses and 185 fishing boats were destroyed. Along the west coast of the country. The total cost of the damage was about 30 million U.S dollars. 

B). Well the lithosphere had caused the earthquake, which affected the hydrosphere, which created the tsunami. Then the tsunami hit land, which affected biosphere by destroying homes, trees, fishing boats and killing 116 people. 

C). The spheres interacted by a ripple effect because the lithosphere disturbed the hydrosphere, which causes destruction to the biosphere. That is how the spheres interacted. 

Nicaragua

1)2) Central America 

3) Managua

4) 130,370km

5) 6.08 million 

6) Constitutional democracy with executive, legislative, Judicial and electoral branches of government. 

7) They also speak Spanish and English.